Flamenco (Spanish pronunciation: [flaˈmeŋko]), in its purest sense, is a professionalized art-form based on the folkloric traditions of Andalusia. In the 21st century it has evolved to incorporate many modern influences. It includes cante (singing), toque (guitar playing), baile (dance), jaleo (vocalizations and chorus clapping), palmas (handclapping) and pitos (finger snapping).
Though popularly attributed to the Romani people of Spain, the origins of flamenco are unknown. Of the several theories in existence, the most widely accepted is that it developed through cross-cultural interchange between the Romani, Castilians, Moors , Andalusians and Sephardi Jews in Andalusia, although Federico García Lorca claimed that flamenco existed in Andalusia significantly predates the arrival of Romani people to the region.
Flamenco has become popular all over the world, especially the United States and Japan. In Japan, there are more flamenco academies than there are in Spain. On November 16, 2010, UNESCO declared flamenco one of the Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity.
There are many suggestions for the origin of the word flamenco as a musical term, but no solid evidence for any of them. The word was not recorded as a musical and dance term until the late 18th century, in the book Las Cartas Marruecas by José Cadalso (1774).
One theory is that it comes from the Hispano-Arabic term fellah mengu, meaning "expelled peasant", referring to the Andalusians of Islamic faith and the remaining Moriscos who fled with the Roma newcomers.
Another theory is that the Spanish word flamenco is a derivative of the Spanish word flama (fire or flame). The word may have been used for fiery behaviour, which could have come to be applied to the Gitano players and performers.
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