Bolshoi Theater ( Russian : Bolsoj Teatr , UK : Bolshoi Theatre , official name: the National Academy Bolshoi Theater [ Gosudarstvennyj Akademiceskij Bolsoj Teatr Rossii [1] ]), the Russia of Moscow in the theater . Representative of the Russian Ballet , Opera Theater ( Opera House is). "Bolshoy" means "big" in Russian , simply "large theater". There are several theaters in several cities in Russia, with the convention of calling the big one the Bolshoi theater and the small one the Marui theater . Outside Russia, generally speaking "Bolshoi theater" refers to the Bolshoi theater in Moscow.
In 1776, the opera, ballet and drama performances performed at the Dusk of Ursov by Duke Peter Urussov (Tetr Urussov) and Michael Maddox are considered to be the origin of the Bolshoi Theatre. Subsequently, in 1780, Pashkow House in Moscow Mohovaya Street was acquired, and the Petrovka Theater ( Petrovka Theater or Petrovsky Theater) will be the exclusive theater. He started producing and presenting theater and opera at this theater .
Eventually, he was put under the control of the Imperial Theater, but he was hit by a total of three fires until he got the current building of the Bolshoi Theatre. 1805 but transferred to the new Albert Imperial Theater on Arbat in the fire, the theater also 1812 Napoleon of Moscow invasion when, was burned down in Moscow conflagration.
Soviet era ( February 1932 )
It was built on the grounds of Teatralnaya Square (Theatral Square Square) as of 1825, under the design of A. Mikhailov, Ossip (Ioann), Ivanovich Bove ( Osip Ivanovich Bove ). Incidentally, in 1824 Bové , which precedes this, built the Marui theater (meaning "small theater"). The Bolshoi Theater was completed on January 18, 1825. Initially, only Russian works were staged, and it was necessary to wait for 1840 for foreign songs and works to be staged . However, the theater based on this Russian classical style was also hit by fire in 1853 and suffered great damage. Renovation work was carried out by taking advantage of the front column and wall that had been burned by Alberto (Alberto) and Cavos (the son of the opera composer Caterino Cavos) in 1856. As a result, the present theater was completed. Also, during this renovation work, the sculptor P. Klott was replaced by the sculpture of the quadruple carriage of the auroral god Apollon by the sculptor P. Klot .
The German-Soviet theater suffered a German attack, but was soon repaired. The Bolshoi Theater facility has six seats and 2,150 seats in the hall. In November 2002, a small theater (Bolshoi Theater New Building) was built to accommodate 1,000 people.
The Bolshoi Theater Main Building will be closed from July 1st, 2005 in order to repair the aging hall, and it will be a major renovation with over six years and 20 billion rubles (about 47 billion yen at the current rate). Was done. During this time, the ballet in the main building, the opera is aborted performance is, and the Bolshoi Theater new building, the Kremlin was carried out in such as the Kremlin tournament palace. October 28, 2011 , reopened. Kokeraotoshi performances of the ballet has been staged the "Sleeping Beauty" of Tchaikovsky [2] . To Kokeraotoshi just before, one of the male dancers of the Bolshoi Ballet Nikolai Tsuisuikarize the "Bolshoi Theater of the repair paint instead of gold leaf, further ballerina low ceiling and plastic is used is likely hit his head on the decoration. Longer cultural He made a criticism to criticize it. In the repair completion commemoration ceremony of welcoming the President Medvedev rather than the figure of Nikolai Tsuisuikarize Svetlana Zakharova is spokesperson was greeted as. She is a member of the ruling United Russia .
The Bolshoi Theater has an orchestra and a ballet company. Opera and ballet at the Bolshoi Theater have grown to rival Western Europe through the rise of the national musicians and the performances of western European ballets , against the backdrop of the rise of the Russian empire in the 19th century . However for the ballet, to the imperial era, a court in St. Petersburg of the Mariinsky Theater was forced to take a delay on. It is the Russian Revolution that turned the Bolshoi Theater into a theater that represents Russia to the world in reality . The Bolshoi Theater will be the national theater of the Soviet government, and will receive full support and sponsorship (including the accompanying controls).
The Bolshoi Ballet is a ballet company based in the Bolshoi Theater in Moscow, and together with the Mariinsky Ballet in St. Petersburg, it represents Russia. Tchaikovsky's Ballet ' Swan Lake ' was performed in 1877 at the Bolshoi Theater. It has played a central role in leading the ballet world in the ballet powers that were said to have hundreds of ballets in the Soviet Union era.
The Mariinsky Theater originated from the court and was a theater intended for aristocrats under the protection of royalty and royal family, whereas the Bolshoi Theater was established by a local celebrity (the Duke) and aimed at the wealthy merchant class. Has developed. Alexander Gorski, who became head of the Bolshoi Ballet in 1902, brought a new style to the ballet world, in addition to increasing the number of ballet performances at the Bolshoi Theater and being inspired by the theater reform movement.
Russian Revolution later, Leningrad and cents to Moscow from (now St. Petersburg), due to that it has been positioned as the most important National Theater by the Soviet government, ballet officials from the Mariinsky Theater (educator, choreographer, dancer Etc. gradually moved to the Bolshoi theater. These influx of human resources fostered new works and future developments. World War II later, Stalin was traded from the Mariinsky Theater by Galina Ulanova active or, after the death of Stalin's 1950s fame of the Bolshoi Ballet by foreign performances, which began from the second half has grown into an international ones .
Repertoire of the Bolshoi ballet, Tchaikovsky's three major ballet ( " Swan Lake ", " Sleeping Beauty ", " Nutcracker "), Khachaturian "of Spartacus , including the" classic, wide-ranging, such as new work. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, there was no voice control, and works of Western European countries were also presented.
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